Políticas de Seguridad Nacional frente a las amenazas transnacionales en la triple frontera. Análisis comparado: Brasil, Colombia y Perú, 2025
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2025-12-19
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Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército. Escuela de Posgrado
Resumen
La Política Nacional Multisectorial de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional (PNMSDN), es una herramienta de la política pública que busca afrontar las diferentes amenazas que pueden afectar la seguridad del estado; sin embargo, este documento no ha sido concebido para enfrentar las nuevas amenazas que se han establecido en la triple frontera Perú Colombia Brasil, toda vez que estas organizaciones criminales se han constituido en esta área ante la falta de presencia del Estado. Ante esta problemática, se expone el presente estudio que ha tenido como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la Política de Seguridad Nacional frente a las amenazas transnacionales en la triple frontera amazónica con Brasil y Colombia; se ha llevado a cabo mediante el enfoque cualitativo siendo un estudio del tipo teórico empírico y desarrollado mediante el método hermenéutico interpretativo, se emplearon como técnicas de recolección de datos a la entrevista, la observación directa y el análisis documental con sus correspondientes instrumentos, el análisis de la información se desarrolló mediante el programa Atlas.ti,; finalmente se concluye que a la Política Nacional Multisectorial de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional (PNMSDN) reconoce correctamente el carácter transnacional y multidimensional del problema, pero en la triple frontera su despliegue sigue mostrando una brecha de ejecución producto de la falta de aprobación del PEM, los lineamientos no se convierten en campañas sostenidas con mando y control unificado, indicadores, trazabilidad fluvial/terrestre y presupuesto.
The National Multisectoral Security and National Defense Policy (PNMSDN) is a public policy tool that seeks to address the various threats that can affect the security of the state. However, this document was not designed to confront the new threats that have emerged in the Peru-Colombia-Brazil tri-border area, given that these criminal organizations have established themselves in this region due to the lack of state presence. In response to this problem, this study aims to analyze the development of the National Security Policy in the face of transnational threats in the Amazonian tri-border area with Brazil and Colombia. It was conducted using a qualitative approach, specifically a theoretical-empirical study, and developed through the hermeneutic-interpretive method. Data collection techniques included interviews, direct observation, and document analysis with their corresponding instruments. The data analysis was performed using the Atlas.ti software. Finally, it is concluded that the National Multisectoral Security and National Defense Policy (PNMSDN) correctly recognizes the transnational and multidimensional nature of the problem, but in the tri-border area, its implementation continues to show a gap due to the lack of approval of the Strategic Management Plan (PEM). The guidelines are not being translated into sustained campaigns with unified command and control, indicators, river/land traceability, and a budget.
The National Multisectoral Security and National Defense Policy (PNMSDN) is a public policy tool that seeks to address the various threats that can affect the security of the state. However, this document was not designed to confront the new threats that have emerged in the Peru-Colombia-Brazil tri-border area, given that these criminal organizations have established themselves in this region due to the lack of state presence. In response to this problem, this study aims to analyze the development of the National Security Policy in the face of transnational threats in the Amazonian tri-border area with Brazil and Colombia. It was conducted using a qualitative approach, specifically a theoretical-empirical study, and developed through the hermeneutic-interpretive method. Data collection techniques included interviews, direct observation, and document analysis with their corresponding instruments. The data analysis was performed using the Atlas.ti software. Finally, it is concluded that the National Multisectoral Security and National Defense Policy (PNMSDN) correctly recognizes the transnational and multidimensional nature of the problem, but in the tri-border area, its implementation continues to show a gap due to the lack of approval of the Strategic Management Plan (PEM). The guidelines are not being translated into sustained campaigns with unified command and control, indicators, river/land traceability, and a budget.
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Defensa Nacional, políticas públicas, amenazas transnacionales, triple frontera, National Defense, public policies, transnational threats, triple frontier