Las Fuerzas Armadas del Perú en la protección de recursos naturales estratégicos, 2020-2025
Cargando...
Fecha
2026-03-09
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Escuela Superior de Guerra del Ejército. Escuela de Posgrado
Resumen
La investigación analiza el rol de las Fuerzas Armadas del Perú en la protección y gestión de los recursos naturales estratégicos (RNE) durante el periodo 2020–2025, abordando sus funciones en seguridad territorial, orden interno, desarrollo nacional, gestión del riesgo de desastres y política exterior. Bajo un enfoque cualitativo, hermenéutico–interpretativo, se emplearon entrevistas a expertos y análisis documental para identificar cómo la institución militar enfrenta amenazas transnacionales como minería ilegal, tala clandestina, narcotráfico, deforestación y delitos ambientales que afectan tanto recursos renovables como no renovables. Los hallazgos evidencian que las FFAA cumplen un rol decisivo en el control y vigilancia territorial, especialmente en zonas fronterizas y de débil institucionalidad estatal, donde su presencia sostiene la soberanía y permite frenar economías ilícitas. En el orden interno, se observa que su intervención, aunque legalmente excepcional, se ha ampliado en la práctica por la limitada capacidad de la PNP, destacando su aporte en inteligencia, interdicción y protección de infraestructura crítica. En desarrollo nacional, la estabilidad territorial generada por las FFAA permite la continuidad de proyectos energéticos y extractivos. En la GRD, su capacidad logística y de respuesta inmediata contrasta con restricciones normativas que limitan su rol preventivo. Finalmente, la política exterior y la cooperación binacional se revelan esenciales para enfrentar amenazas transfronterizas sobre ecosistemas compartidos.
The study analyzes the role of the Peruvian Armed Forces in the protection and management of strategic natural resources (SNR) during the period 2020–2025, addressing their functions in territorial security, internal order, national development, disaster risk management, and foreign policy. Using a qualitative, hermeneutic–interpretative approach, expert interviews and documentary analysis were employed to identify how the military institution confronts transnational threats such as illegal mining, illegal logging, drug trafficking, deforestation, and environmental crimes that affect both renewable and non-renewable resources. The findings show that the Armed Forces play a decisive role in territorial control and surveillance, particularly in border zones and areas with weak state institutions, where their presence sustains sovereignty and helps curb illicit economies. In terms of internal order, although their intervention is legally exceptional, it has expanded in practice due to the limited capacity of the National Police, highlighting their contribution in intelligence, interdiction, and protection of critical infrastructure. Regarding national development, the territorial stability generated by the Armed Forces enables the continuity of energy and extractive projects. In disaster risk management, their logistical capacity and rapid response contrast with regulatory restrictions that limit their preventive role. Finally, foreign policy and binational cooperation prove essential for addressing transboundary threats affecting shared ecosystems.
The study analyzes the role of the Peruvian Armed Forces in the protection and management of strategic natural resources (SNR) during the period 2020–2025, addressing their functions in territorial security, internal order, national development, disaster risk management, and foreign policy. Using a qualitative, hermeneutic–interpretative approach, expert interviews and documentary analysis were employed to identify how the military institution confronts transnational threats such as illegal mining, illegal logging, drug trafficking, deforestation, and environmental crimes that affect both renewable and non-renewable resources. The findings show that the Armed Forces play a decisive role in territorial control and surveillance, particularly in border zones and areas with weak state institutions, where their presence sustains sovereignty and helps curb illicit economies. In terms of internal order, although their intervention is legally exceptional, it has expanded in practice due to the limited capacity of the National Police, highlighting their contribution in intelligence, interdiction, and protection of critical infrastructure. Regarding national development, the territorial stability generated by the Armed Forces enables the continuity of energy and extractive projects. In disaster risk management, their logistical capacity and rapid response contrast with regulatory restrictions that limit their preventive role. Finally, foreign policy and binational cooperation prove essential for addressing transboundary threats affecting shared ecosystems.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Fuerzas Armadas del Perú, seguridad territorial, orden interno, desarrollo nacional, gestión del riesgo de desastres, política exterior, recursos naturales estratégicos, recursos renovables, recursos no renovables, minería ilegal, gobernanza ambiental, seguridad nacional, Peruvian Armed Forces, territorial security, internal order, national development, disaster risk management, foreign policy, strategic natural resources, renewable resources, non-renewable resources, illegal mining, environmental governance, national security